Russ Jones - Glenbrook Partners

Who knows what in payments? Sounds like a question begging for a snappy one-liner comeback.

But this is a question we hear more and more from our clients. Particularly those that see the increasingly close relationship between payments and marketing — and want to better understand how the targeting of ads and offers can be enhanced with insight from payment transaction data. The real question, then, is who knows what in payments and do mobile wallets change anything?

I’ve discussed the underlying purchase “visibility” issue before and argued that few players in the card ecosystem have a complete view of the consumer and what they buy. But before we look at how mobile wallets might change things, let’s review purchase visibility in the pre-wallet world.

Of the various stakeholders in the four corner card model, it is the issuer and the merchant who are closest to the consumer’s purchase behavior. While card networks, merchant acquirers, and the various processors have some insight into the transaction, they don’t necessarily know what the transactions represent or have the right to unilaterally use or repurpose what they do know.

From the consumer’s perspective, card issuers know who you are (know-your-customer laws in the U.S. actually require them to know this) and have some insight into your financial situation, depending on the type of card they issue. They know where you shop by merchant category and merchant name. Of the two, merchant category is a lot more important than merchant name. There are several hundred big “name” brands that drive a lot of transactions but there are millions and millions of merchants in the card system. And besides, sometimes the merchant name is truncated or nonsensical.

Beyond the categories, which can be helpfully narrow or frustratingly broad, issuers have no idea what consumers actually buy. Was that $34.75 purchase from Walmart for baby diapers or shotgun shells? And while they know where you shop, they don’t have a view of your overall purchase behavior — just where you you shop when you buy something using their card.

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Russ Jones - Glenbrook Partners

I went by the San Carlos Home Depot on the way to the Glenbrook office this morning and used PayPal’s “Empty Hands” to pay for my purchase. The whole thing worked and I left the store with a Home Depot receipt that listed my payment method as “PayPal” instead of “Visa XXXXXXXXXXXX9297″.

Here’s the in-store sequence I experienced. After grabbing what I needed, I decided to go through one of their assisted checkout lanes because I didn’t know if Home Depot had enabled both assisted and unassisted checkouts as part of their trial with PayPal. There was no obvious signage or promotion that the store was participating in the trial, but it turned out to be be self-evident at the POS terminal. I knew I was on the right track when the woman in line in front of me stepped to the POS and said, “Oh, I can pay with PayPal now? That’s cool.”

When it came time for me to pay I told the cashier that I was going to pay using PayPal. He said, “Go for it.” The Ingenico POS terminal showed the typical line items, tax, and total, but had two new buttons at the bottom – Pay with PayPal and Swipe Your Card. The Pay with PayPal sequence was pretty rough, but it worked. The graphics were Windows 3.1 quality, and I had to hit “Okay” after it told me to swipe my PayPal Card in order to get to the prompt for my phone number and PIN. The cashier told me I was his first PayPal checkout.

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Russ Jones - Glenbrook Partners

I realized today that mobile payments have “jumped the shark” as an emerging payments topic, and are now helplessly mainstream in the public’s mind. With USA Today and the Wall Street Journal on top of the story week to week, I find myself cringing at the confusion in the popular press.

What put me over the top was the media coverage about PayPal doing a beta test of its “mobile payment” solution with Home Depot. The stories were accurate in terms of describing what is being tested, but failed to notice that there is no mobile device actually involved in the transaction!

“Here’s how PayPal’s Mobile Solution works. First you swipe your PayPal card, then you enter your PIN.” I’m sorry, but that sentence reads funny to me.

So, here’s my first natural law of mobile payments: there has to be a mobile device involved in the transaction! Pretty simple. There are lots of different mobile payment domains, lots of different use cases, and lots of different solutions — but if they don’t involve a mobile device to some degree, we certainly can’t call them mobile payments!

Let me be clear that I’m not complaining about PayPal. While they are beating the mobile payments drum as loud as anyone (“Did we mention we did $4 billion in 2011 mobile purchase volume?”), they are not referring to their multi-channel commerce initiative as their “mobile payments strategy.” But the press sure is!

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Curious about what payments professionals were reading last year? Here are the top books ranked by sales made through our Payments News Book Store on Amazon.com:

  1. Payments Systems in the U.S. – A Guide for the Payments Professional

    Written by Carol Coye Benson and Scott Loftesness of Glenbrook Partners, this book provides a comprehensive description of the systems – (cards, checks, cash, ACH, etc.) that move money between and among consumers and enterprises in the U.S. In clear and lively writing, the authors explain what they systems are, how they work, who uses them, who provides them, who profits from them and how they are changing. Anyone working in the payments industry – or needing to use payments products – can benefit from understanding this.

  2. Bank 2.0: How Customer Behavior and Technology Will Change the Future of Financial Services

    The financial crisis is just beginning for retail institutions. Ninety to ninety-five per cent of bank transactions are executed electronically today. The Internet, ATMs, call centres and smartphones have become mainstream for customers. But banks still classify these as alternative channels and maintain an organisation structure where Branch dominates thinking. Continued technology innovations, Web 2.0, social networking, app phones and mobility are also stretching traditional banking models to the limit. BANK 2.0 reveals why customer behaviour is so rapidly changing, how branches will evolve, why cheques are disappearing, and why your mobile phone will replace your wallet all within the next 10 years.

  3. Paying with Plastic: The Digital Revolution in Buying and Borrowing

    More than a history book, Paying with Plastic delivers an entertaining discussion of the impact of an industry that epitomizes the notion of two-sided markets: those in which two or more customer groups receive value only if all sides are actively engaged. The authors, both of whom have researched the industry for more than 25 years, also examine the implications of the recent antitrust cases on the industry as well as other business and technological changes — including the massive consolidation brought about by bank mergers, the rise of the debit card, and the emergence of e-commerce — that could alter the payment card industry dramatically in the years to come.

  4. Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers

    Business Model Generation is a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers striving to defy outmoded business models and design tomorrow’s enterprises. If your organization needs to adapt to harsh new realities, but you don’t yet have a strategy that will get you out in front of your competitors, you need Business Model Generation. Co-created by 470 “Business Model Canvas” practitioners from 45 countries, the book features a beautiful, highly visual, 4-color design that takes powerful strategic ideas and tools, and makes them easy to implement in your organization.

  5. The SmartPhone Wallet: Understanding the Disruption Ahead

    Do you use a mobile phone? — Do you use credit cards or debit cards? If so, you need to know that a revolution has started that will impact you sooner than you think, and this book will tell you – the consumer – what you need to know now. The reality is that a torrent of advertising and promotional marketing is heading your way to try to convince you to use new services on your SmartPhone at retail stores. Perhaps you have already seen some, or signed up for some. These new services may seem novel, but this revolution is far more significant than that.

  6. Priceless: The Case that Brought Down the Visa/MasterCard Bank Cartel

    In a ground-breaking case that shook the business and legal worlds to their very cores, New York-based law firm Constantine & Partners sought to end a devastating credit monopoly that personally touched millions of consumers. Its efforts culminated in the largest federal antitrust settlement in U.S. history. In Priceless, author and lead counsel Lloyd Constantine relates the dramatic account of backroom strategizing and courtroom conniving during the high-stakes litigation. Constantine, who led the team representing the plaintiffs, vividly describes how the case pitted retailers against credit card companies, and pries the lid off dodgy debit card practices. The plaintiffs, including Wal-Mart, Sears Roebuck, The Limited, Safeway, and a class of five million stores, pitted their financial futures against Visa and Mastercard in this war between giants.

  7. Moving Money: The Future of Consumer Payments

    Once we paid for things with bills, coins, or checks. Today we pay with zeroes and ones—digital entries on credit and debit cards, or electronic messages sent over the Internet. In Moving Money, distinguished analysts explore this trend, its development and likely future, and the ramifications of this transformation. This is a book about money as a medium of exchange—in the past, in the present, but particularly in the future. What forms has money taken over the years? Moreover, how have those means of payment changed in recent years, and how will they develop in the future? And what (if anything) should policymakers do to facilitate those changes, or at least allow them to develop and mature? Brookings economists Robert E. Litan and Martin Neil Baily and a distinguished group of experts dissect these issues and peer into the future of consumer payments.

  8. The PayPal Wars: Battles with eBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth

    When Peter Thiel and Max Levchin launched an online payment website in 1999, they hoped their service could improve the lives of millions around the globe. But when their start-up, PayPal, survived the dot.com crash only to find itself besieged by unimaginable challenges, that dream threatened to become a nightmare. PayPal’s history – as told by former insider Eric Jackson – is an engrossing study of human struggle and perseverance against overwhelming odds. The entrepreneurs that Thiel and Levchin recruited to overhaul world currency markets first had to face some of the greatest trials ever thrown at a Silicon Valley company before they could make internet history.

Have you recently read another title of interest to payments professionals? Share your suggestion in the comments below.

Note: We receive a small affiliate fee paid by Amazon.com from purchases made through the Payments News Book Store.

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Post image for Verizon’s $2 Bill Pay Fee: Do We Call Them Crazy?

Over the winter break, Verizon announced (and then retracted) that it would begin to charge customers a $2.00 convenience fee in 2012 to pay their monthly bill online or over the phone — except in a multitude of cases “where the fee is waived or where no fee applies”. Huh? That’s what we said, too. But our confusion didn’t last long. It turned out this bold pricing move had a shelf life of less than 48 hours, as the company quickly heard from outraged customers and saw the obvious parallels to the still smoldering Bank of America debit card fee fiasco.

So, let’s tear this one apart and figure out if it was crazy or not? The answer might not be as clear cut as you think. To help understand why, let’s get back to billing basics. There are three broad things that most billers care about — presentment method, payment channel, and payment method. Not all billers have the same goals and objectives, but I would argue that all billers frame their ‘funds collection’ strategy along these lines.

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Post image for Glenbrook’s Merchant Payments and Fraud Risk Management Organization Survey

We’ve launched a new research effort exploring best practices among merchants about how payments and fraud risk management functions are organized, staffed, and measured.

If you work in the payments or fraud risk management functions for a merchant, please take a few minutes to complete our survey. In exchange for your help, we’ll share the results with you.

You can find the survey here.

Thanks for helping us out!

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Scott Loftesness - Glenbrook Partners

As we’re winding down for the year, we wish you the best for you and your family this holiday season!

At Glenbrook, we thrive on thinking about how payments are evolving and how these changes will affect us in the years ahead.  In this look back at the important payments themes of 2011, we share a summary of some of our best thinking over the course of 2011 from our PaymentsViews.com web site.

If there’s been a dominant theme for payments in 2011, it’s clearly been mobile payments. Over the course of the year, we commented several times on mobile payments:

But there was more to 2011 than just mobile payments.  Some of the other themes included:

Then there’s – of course – Durbin and the new regulation of debit card interchange fees for the largest banks in the US.

Plus, there was Visa’s announcement in August encouraging the migration of the POS acceptance infrastructure in the US to add EMV and contactless acceptance to the existing mag stripe-based acceptance.

Finally, in the world of non-card based payments, there were other items of note:

About Glenbrook

We’re payments geeks who very much enjoy work with our clients on their most important payments strategy issues.  Our writings reflect our love for what we do.

We’ve had a great 2011 at Glenbrook working on projects with great clients! If you’re thinking strategically about the payments landscape and its evolution, we’d enjoy working with you.  You can learn more about each of us at Glenbrook by visiting our website at: http://glenbrook.com

Our best wishes to you for a great 2012!

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Russ Jones - Glenbrook Partners

How does disruption happen in mature industries?

Clayton Christensen famously wrote about this phenomenon in his classic book “The Innovator’s Dilemma.” Most commonly, the new disruptor enters from below – by providing new capabilities to those unserved by the incumbent providers. Rather, incumbents stay focused on their best customers – and dismiss opportunities to serve the unserved. After all, how profitable could those tiny unserved customers actually be? “They’re just not worth bothering with” is the classic incumbent response. So it goes.

We’re in the midst of another disruption cycle on the acquiring side of the card payments business in the US. You can almost feel it happening. And, if you’re paying close attention to the data, you can see it happening. If you’re not – if you’re into incumbent thinking – you’re not seeing what’s happening. So it goes, indeed.

Leading this new disruption is Square as they’re democratizing card payments acceptance on the new mobile platforms – and doing so with a beautiful design esthetic.

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Post image for It’s A Decoupled World

I had the great good fortune on Tuesday to sit in on the first day of the annual conference of the Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion. IMTFI is housed at U.C. Irvine and led by anthropologist Bill Maurer. The mission is to support research on money and technology among the world’s poorest people: those who live on less than $1 per day. The Institute is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through their Financial Services for the Poor program.

IMTFI is building a network of researchers, often from smaller universities in the developing countries, who are doing a wide range of projects. It won’t surprise anyone to hear that a lot of the research revolves around the use of mobile phones for financial services. Mobile wallets are, in a variety of different configurations, providing access to bank account-like features (savings, transfers) to previously unbanked people. These wallets are sometimes being offered directly by carriers, by carrier-bank JVs, by other non-banks and (in a few cases) by banks themselves. The poster child of this world is the M-PESA product offered by carrier Safaricom in Kenya.

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Post image for Mobile Self-Checkout Breaks Out for POS Payments

Thanks to the hard work of many (Google, Citi, Sprint, MasterCard, etc.), NFC-based mobile payments are finally a reality in the United States ––and I’m super excited about… mobile self-checkout.

I don’t have anything against NFC mobile payments, but the payments industry is already almost a decade into this “next big thing” and is still, quite frankly, arguing about the business model.

If the business model could be sorted out, mobile devices with securely embedded payment card data would still be used… in the same card-centric checkout flow that credit and debit cards are today. You know the one. Grab my stuff, get in line, wait in line, pay at the point of sale by presenting my card, perhaps sign to authorize, wait for my receipt, and then leave.

The exact same thing, by the way, seems likely to happen with one of these new NFC mobile wallets. You’ll have your super flexible, offer-optimized mobile wallet –– and be waiting behind somebody with a purse full of coupons and their debit card or, worse, their checkbook. You’ll be way cooler, but you’ll still be waiting in line. Such is life.

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Post image for Micro Merchants: P2P Squared?

I’ve been thinking a lot about the opportunities around helping micro merchants accept electronic payments. You know, your basic nanny/gardner/hot dog vendor/flea market vendor scenario.

There are two competing emerging-payments approaches to this market. One is mobile card acceptance, as evidenced by Square, Intuit GoPayment, and many others. In this model, which “rides the card rails”, the merchant pays a discount fee, some portion of which stays with the acquirer, and some portion of which finds its way back to the card issuer through the mechanism of interchange.

The other approach is an electronic P2P payment, as evidenced by products such as Fiserv’s ZashPay and the clearXchange consortium (being formed by Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, and Bank of America). In these examples, the two banks involved set their own prices to end customers – but there is no interchange mechanism to create, effectively, a minimum price to the receiving merchant. The odds are that many banks will not charge the receiving micro merchant for posting the transaction into their account – rather, it will be incorporated into the receiving merchant’s checking account “bundle”. (This is the way I expect consumers receiving this type of P2P payment to be treated.)

There is a third, hybrid model– represented by PayPal, American Express Serve, and a number of others. PayPal provides P2P payments both directly to end users and as a service to enable banks (and others, such as Discover) to do the same. PayPal, as always, has a unique angle to this. In their own core business, they are very good at identifying when a P2P transaction is to split a dinner tab or pay for a purchase – and then ensuring that fees are paid on the purchase transaction. Presumably (but I’m not sure on this) a similar tracking would be used when the PayPal capabilities are sold to bank partners to support P2P payments. I would assume that Serve will take their product in a similar direction. Of course, from the micro merchant’s perspective, this then becomes just another flavor of the card acceptance model.

I think the big question is whether or not the P2P model will eventually trump the card payment model. After all, the hot dog vendor would clearly prefer to pay nothing rather than a merchant discount fee. Or will the two models develop in tandem? Will some kind of service evolve (perhaps offered by Fiserv or clearXchange) to help banks using this model identify receivers as vendors – and enable banks to charge them? If not, it seems like money is being “left on the table”, as the expression goes.

What do you think? I’d welcome your comments.

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Post image for Store As Browser: What I Want From NFC

I want to be able to use my phone to tap a tag on a piece of merchandise at a store… and know that the item will be delivered to my home, and my card on file at the merchant be charged. I was in Macy’s yesterday, looking at bath mats – the line was too long, so I walked away. But I would have tapped….

And I know, this is what Amazon and others enable if you scan the barcode. But why can’t I buy it from the merchant whose store I am in?

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Post image for Do You Want a Commerce Identity?  I Do!

Every year I try to attend what I think of as the PayPal Developers Conference. This year what used to be the PayPal X Innovate Conference was expanded to include eBay app development, Magento app development, and –– most importantly –– X.commerce app development. X.commerce is eBay’s new end-to-end, multi-channel commerce technology platform. While most of the conference was focused on the X.commerce platform, this is the second of two posts reflecting on what’s new with PayPal.

I’m a good customer, I really am. I have a strong sense of what I want. I don’t like to second guess things or over think what I’m about to buy. I shop on quality, not just price. I like to be made aware of and sold relevant companion products. I don’t mind paying extra for convenience. And, when I find a seller I like, I’ll buy from them time and time again.

So when I walk into a new online store, I expected to be treated like… an anonymous dog. Nobody knows I’m a good customer, nobody knows how they could cater to my needs, and, worst of all, nobody knows that I should be treated as special!

All this may be about to change with an eBay initiative that provides PayPal users with a commerce identity they can use when shopping online.

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Post image for Give a Listen: It’s Conversational Commerce

Russ: “Siri, are you ready to help me buy something online?”

Siri: “Not yet, Russ, but I may be able to at some point.”

Not the answer I was hoping for, but at least Siri was honest about it!

Siri, of course, is the new voice-enabled personal assistant that comes with all of the new Apple iPhone 4S smartphones. You can talk with Siri—to ask it questions and give it commands—while you focus on something else. This Apple television commercial provides a nice demonstration of Siri’s capabilities.

Our particular interest in Siri here at Glenbrook is how this (or other) intelligent voice-aware agents might be enabled at some point to truly streamline how we buy stuff online. We think of it as “conversational commerce”.

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Russ Jones

Every year I try to attend what I think of as the PayPal Developers Conference. This year what used to be the PayPal X Innovate Conference was expanded to include eBay app development, Magento app development, and –– most importantly –– X.commerce app development. X.commerce is eBay’s new end-to-end, multi-channel commerce technology platform. While most of the conference was focused on the X.commerce platform, this is the first of two posts reflecting on what’s new with PayPal.

Over the last several quarters eBay has beating the drum about extending PayPal’s momentum in online payments to point of sale in the offline world. More recently, PayPal starting talking about wanting to help brick-and-mortar retailers engage with consumers through the entire purchase process — from customer acquisition, to in-store engagement, payments, and post-purchase retention. This vision is nicely pulled together in a video entitled “PayPal: Future of Shopping” that PayPal released about a month ago.

So, with the marketing campaign in full force, much of the industry was waiting to see what PayPal would say at last week’s X.Commerce Innovate Conference in San Francisco. First, the bad news. None of the shopping capabilities shown in the video were announced. Now, the good news. To show how these shopping concepts might work in everyday life, PayPal did assemble a Shopping Showcase demonstration and provided access to experts to answer questions from curious developers.

The Showcase was divided into a number of “vignettes” that illustrated different end-to-end use cases. Most involved some sort of front-end customer engagement utilizing a combination of shopping list, local product inventory, purchase incentives, loyalty points, gift card balances, etc. The vignettes showed how these components could be combined when the consumer is out running errands and shopping on a typical Saturday afternoon.

It’s hard to say which scenario would be best received in the market, but there is no question that PayPal is swinging for the fence, so to speak, and rethinking how shopping could be made easier for both buyers and sellers. We especially liked the way a shopping list could be built online and then shared with the merchant upon in-store check-in to match what the consumer wants with product availability and purchase incentives from the merchant.

Presumably, most of the merchandising capabilities would be drawn from the various acquisitions eBay and PayPal have made over the last 18 months –– companies like Milo, Where, etc. They might be accessed as their own app in a SmartPhone or integrated with the PayPal Mobile app. Besides the standard capabilities we’re familiar with today in the PayPal Mobile app, PayPal also imagines users would have a wallet capability that would hold the consumer’s payment methods, current offers, loyalty cards, gift cards, available points, purchase history, and digital receipts.

We’re always curious about who controls the wallet and where the payment data resides. In PayPal’s case, the wallet would be one of many functions inside the PayPal Mobile app. And the wallet in the app would act as the user interface to the consumer’s payment data in the cloud. This is in sharp contrast to the models being advocated by both Google and Isis, where the wallet is the app and the payment data is in the phone.

While all this merchandising stuff is interesting, let’s get to payments. PayPal envisions three different ways that a consumer might use PayPal for purchases in a brick-and-mortar setting.

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